A multilevel window state model based on outdoor environmental conditions that captures behavioural variation at room and apartment levels

Occupants’ use of windows can influence the building energy demand, thermal conditions and indoor air quality. Researchers have made substantial efforts to develop probabilistic models predict window open/closed state. However, hierarchical data structure heterogeneity in occupant behaviour been generally neglected previous modelling efforts. Multilevel provide an appropriate framework handle this type variability, but method has rarely used field. This study investigated room- apartment-level variations effects outdoor environmental variables on open state low-energy apartment buildings UK using a multilevel approach. The results showed that room-level, rather than apartment-level, variation was statistically significant. Meanwhile, room (i.e., living or bedroom) did not significantly affect relationship between strength is accounted for by simultaneously considering room-and apartment- level behavioural variations. By quantifying significant diversity natural ventilation residences, future research more accurately estimate quality impacts.